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Sam Church
Samuel Morgan Church, Jr.〔Hevesi, "Sam Church, Who Led United Mine Workers, Dies at 72," ''New York Times,'' July 15, 2009.〕 (September 20, 1936 – July 14, 2009〔Hayes, "Former UMW President Sam Church Dies," ''Kingsport Times-News,'' July 14, 2009.〕) was a coal miner and president of the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) from 1979 to 1982.〔Franklin, "Arnold Miller is Dead at 62," ''New York Times,'' July 12, 1985.〕〔"Former Miners President Sam Church Dies," ''United Press International,'' July 15, 2009.〕
==Early life==
Church was born in Matewan, West Virginia, in 1936 to Samuel and Helen (Cook) Church.〔 He was one of eight children.〔 His grandfather had been a mine superintendent, and his father had worked as a miner until an accident crushed his foot (forcing him to leave the mines and become a barber).〔 The Churches moved to Virginia in 1944, where Sam worked as a shoeshine boy and pinsetter at a bowling alley.〔 He participated in his first strike at the bowling alley, but the employer fired all the striking workers.〔
At the age of 20 in 1956, Church moved to Baltimore, Maryland, and took a job at a sugar plant.〔
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